Understanding the Elevated Lethality of COVID-19 in Liver Transplant Recipients: Does Immunosuppression Management Matter? Results from a Brazilian Multicentric Historical Cohort.

BACKGROUND: Infections by SARS-CoV-2 in liver transplant recipients (LT) patients are of particular concern, notably due to perceived added risks related to immunosuppression and comorbidity burden. Current literature on this topic often relies on small, non-standardized, and geographically limited studies. This manuscript describes COVID-19 presentations and causes for elevated mortality in a large cohort of LT recipients. METHODS: This study was designed as a multicentric historical cohort, including LT recipient patients with COVID-19 in 25 study centers, with the primary endpoint being COVID-related death. We also collected demographic, clinical, and laboratory data regarding presentation and disease progression. RESULTS: Two hundred and thirty-four cases were included. The study population was predominantly male and White and had a median age of 60 years. The median time from transplantation was 2.6 years (IQR 1-6). Most patients had at least one comorbidity (189, 80.8%). Patient age (P = .04), dyspnea (P < .001), intensive care unit admission (P < .001), and mechanical ventilation (P < .001) were associated with increased mortality. Modifications of immunosuppressive therapy (P < .001), specifically the suspension of tacrolimus, maintained significance in multivariable analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Attention to risk factors and the individualization of patient care, especially regarding immunosuppression management, is crucial for delivering more precise interventions to these individuals.

A deep learning-based application for COVID-19 diagnosis on CT: The Imaging COVID-19 AI initiative.

BACKGROUND: Recently, artificial intelligence (AI)-based applications for chest imaging have emerged as potential tools to assist clinicians in the diagnosis and management of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). OBJECTIVES: To develop a deep learning-based clinical decision support system for automatic diagnosis of COVID-19 on chest CT scans. Secondarily, to develop a complementary segmentation tool to assess the extent of lung involvement and measure disease severity. METHODS: The Imaging COVID-19 AI initiative was formed to conduct a retrospective multicentre cohort study including 20 institutions from seven different European countries. Patients with suspected or known COVID-19 who underwent a chest CT were included. The dataset was split on the institution-level to allow external evaluation. Data annotation was performed by 34 radiologists/radiology residents and included quality control measures. A multi-class classification model was created using a custom 3D convolutional neural network. For the segmentation task, a UNET-like architecture with a backbone Residual Network (ResNet-34) was selected. RESULTS: A total of 2,802 CT scans were included (2,667 unique patients, mean [standard deviation] age = 64.6 [16.2] years, male/female ratio 1.3:1). The distribution of classes (COVID-19/Other type of pulmonary infection/No imaging signs of infection) was 1,490 (53.2%), 402 (14.3%), and 910 (32.5%), respectively. On the external test dataset, the diagnostic multiclassification model yielded high micro-average and macro-average AUC values (0.93 and 0.91, respectively). The model provided the likelihood of COVID-19 vs other cases with a sensitivity of 87% and a specificity of 94%. The segmentation performance was moderate with Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 0.59. An imaging analysis pipeline was developed that returned a quantitative report to the user. CONCLUSION: We developed a deep learning-based clinical decision support system that could become an efficient concurrent reading tool to assist clinicians, utilising a newly created European dataset including more than 2,800 CT scans.

Impact of COVID-19 on diagnosis of tuberculosis, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, and on mortality in 11 countries in Europe, Northern America, and Australia. A Global Tuberculosis Network study.

OBJECTIVES: Although evidence is growing on the overall impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tuberculosis (TB) services, global studies based on national data are needed to better quantify the extent of the impact and the countries' preparedness to tackle the two diseases. The aim of this study was to compare the number of people with new diagnoses or recurrence of TB disease, the number of drug-resistant (DR)-TB, and the number of TB deaths in 2020 vs 2019 in 11 countries in Europe, Northern America, and Australia. METHODS: TB managers or directors of national reference centers of the selected countries provided the agreed-upon variables through a validated questionnaire on a monthly basis. A descriptive analysis compared the incidence of TB and DR-TB and mortality of the pre-COVID-19 year (2019) vs the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic (2020). RESULTS: Comparing 2020 vs 2019, lower number of TB cases (new diagnosis or recurrence) was notified in all countries (except USA-Virginia and Australia), and fewer DR-TB notifications (apart from France, Portugal, and Spain). The deaths among TB cases were higher in 2020 compared to 2019 in most countries with three countries (France, The Netherlands, USA-Virginia) reporting minimal TB-related mortality. CONCLUSIONS: A comprehensive evaluation of medium-term impact of COVID-19 on TB services would benefit from similar studies in multiple settings and from global availability of treatment outcome data from TB/COVID-19 co-infected patients.

Tracheostomy Patient Care Unit. An innovative Otorhinolaryngology solution of a transversal nature for the hospital.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The care of tracheostomized patients are high risk skills and low incidence. Strategies for improvement of health care in hospital wards and specialties other than otolaryngology based solely on training have not been able to offer an adequate solution. A tracheostomized patient unit is presented directed by the otolaryngology service to attend all tracheostomized hospitalised patients of all specialties. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Background: Third level public hospital with 876 hospitalisation beds and 30 ICU beds for 481,296 inhabitants. Unit model: Transversal unit for the hospital providing attention to all tracheostomized patients, adults, and children, of all specialties, with dedication of 50% of a ENT nurse of hospitalisation that moves to the hospitalisation bed of the specialty of each patient and 50% of another office ENT nurse for ambulatory patients care, with the consultancy of an ENT specialist and coordinated by the ENT supervisor. RESULTS: 572 patients between 2016 and 2021, 80% men, aged 63 ± 14 years, were attended in the Unit. 14.7 ± 2 tracheostomized patients daily and 96 ± 4 complication annual consultations were attended, rising up to 19 tracheostomized patients daily by 2020 and 141 ± 8.4 consultations by complications in 2020 and 2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic. The mean stay of the non-ENT specialties was reduced in 13 days, increasing the satisfaction of the ENT and non-ENT professionals and the satisfaction of the users. CONCLUSIONS: A Tracheostomized Patient Care Unit proactively directed from the Otorhinolaryngology Service to transversally care for all tracheostomized patients improves the quality of health care by reducing stay, complications, and emergencies. Improves the satisfaction of non-otolaryngological professionals by reducing the anxiety of facing care of patients who lack knowledge and experience and that of ENT specialists and nurses by reducing unplanned extemporaneous demands for care. Improves user satisfaction by perceiving adequate continuity of care. The Otorhinolaryngology Services provide their experience in the management of laryngectomized and tracheostomized patients and in teamwork with other specialists and professionals without the need to create new structures outside Otorhinolaryngology.

Efectos económicos de la complementariedad comercial en la negociación de un tratado de libre comercio entre México y Corea del Sur *

México y Corea del Sur han avanzado en sus vínculos comerciales desde que iniciaron relaciones diplomáticas en 1962. Actualmente, los gobiernos de ambas economías se encuentran discutiendo la posibilidad de negociar un acuerdo de libre comercio. El objetivo de esta investigación es evaluar los efectos potenciales de dicho acuerdo. Para ello, se utilizan índices de intensidad comercial, ventajas comparativas reveladas, complementariedad y similitud comercial. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que los dos países han visto intensificar sus relaciones comerciales, lo que ha convertido a México en el principal socio comercial de Corea del Sur en América Latina, y ha dado lugar a una estructura comercial de complementariedad con ventajas para México en el comercio de combustibles minerales, lubricantes, maquinaria y equipo de transporte. También se obtuvo evidencia de la existencia de una asimetría en sus tarifas arancelarias que podría generar ventajas comerciales, sobre todo para México en el sector primario, en caso de lograr avanzar a la firma de un tratado de libre comercio.Alternate :Mexico and South Korea have progressed in their commercial affairs since they began diplomatic relations in 1962. Currently, the possibility of negotiating a free trade agreement between both economies is being raised. The objective of this research is to evaluate the potential effects of such a trade agreement for both countries. For this, indexes of commercial intensity, revealed comparative advantages, complementarity, and commercial similarity are used. The results show that these two countries have intensified their trade relations, turning Mexico into South Korea's main trading partner in Latin America and giving rise to a complementary trade structure with advantages for Mexico in the trade of mineral fuels, lubricants, machinery, and transport equipment. Also, an asymmetry was found in the tariff rates that could generate commercial advantages, especially for Mexico in the primary sector in case of the signing of a free trade agreement.

Care Robotics: An Assessment of Professional Perception in the Face of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The COVID-19 crisis accelerated the adoption of technologies. Technological advancement is also expected in robotics applied to any sector, including in healthcare. The aim is to assess the professional perception of care robotics facing COVID-19. This study aimed to (1) select a tool for assessing different aspects of healthcare, (2) analyse the professional perception about the development, usefulness and helpfulness of technologies and robotics in the field of healthcare and (3) evaluate the correlation between the perceived helpfulness of care robotics and the selected tool. We implement five validated clinical tests which integrate 80 items about a person and their clinical situation. From the sample of 46 professionals, 95.65% affirmed that technology was moderately to completely useful for professional performance in the context of the pandemic, lowering to 67.39% when asked only about robotics; 93.48% stated that the inclusion of robotics in at least one health area affected by COVID-19 would have helped them. Finally, the variables extracted from clinical tests corresponded to the most relevant health areas as identified by the professionals. This research shows the potential of care robotics oriented towards healthcare from a care paradigm.

The role of corticosteroids in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 at Mexico general Hospital.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the evolution of hospitalized patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 who received corticosteroid-based treatment versus patients who received standard therapy. METHOD: Retrospective, observational, and analytical study. Clinical records were collected from the different intensive care units, and data were obtained from confirmed COVID-19 patients over 18 years of age who were hospitalized. The population was divided into two groups: patients who received corticosteroid treatment, and those who received standard therapy. RESULTS: A total of 1603 patients were admitted to hospital, and of these 984 (62.9%) were discharged due to death. The main result was the identification by odds ratio (OR: 4.68; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 3.75-5.83; p = 0.001) as risk for death to the use of systemic steroids, as well as the use of invasive mechanical ventilation (OR: 2.26; 95% CI: 1.80-2.82; p < 0.001). The male gender was the most affected with 1051 (65.6%) patients. Mean age was 56 years (± 14). CONCLUSIONS: Corticosteroid use was associated with poor prognosis in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 compared to those receiving standard therapy.

OBJETIVO: Comparar la evolución de los pacientes hospitalizados infectados por SARS-CoV-2 que recibieron tratamiento a base de corticoesteroides frente a los pacientes que recibieron la terapia estándar. MÉTODO: Estudio de tipo retrospectivo, observacional y analítico. Se recolectaron los expedientes clínicos de las diferentes unidades de terapia intensiva y se obtuvieron datos de los pacientes confirmados de COVID-19, mayores de 18 años, que estuvieron hospitalizados. Se dividió la población en dos grupos: pacientes que recibieron tratamiento con corticoesteroides y pacientes que recibieron terapia estándar. RESULTADOS: De un total de 1603 pacientes ingresados a hospitalización, 984 (62.9%) fallecieron. El resultado principal fue la identificación mediante razón de momios (odds ratio [OR]: 4.68; intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%]: 3.75-5.83; p = 0.001) como riesgo para defunción con uso de esteroides sistémicos, así como con uso de ventilación mecánica invasiva (OR: 2.26; IC95%: 1.80-2.82; p < 0.001). El sexo masculino fue el más afectado, con 1051 (65.6%) pacientes. La media de edad fue de 56 años (± 14). CONCLUSIONES: El uso de corticoesteroides se asoció con mal pronóstico en los pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19, en comparación con los que recibieron la terapia estándar.

Being stressed in the family or married with work? A literature review and clustering of work-family conflict

PurposeWork-family conflict is an important topic which had an evolution, starting from a static definition, where work and family domains were divided, to a more dynamic and complex balance. COVID-19 has influenced society and created a significant distress among families and working activity, and this topic has been characterised by a major interest, considering some old definitions where this balance was considered problematic but not as an enriching opportunity.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used SCOPUS to find all records mentioning work-family conflict, by considering book, article and review, excluding conference paper and considering only records written in English language. After a duplicated and not pertinent record removal, the authors obtained a number of 675 records. The authors considered 437 records from SCOPUS to create a cluster map.FindingsUsing SCOPUS and VOSviewer the authors have clustered 5 different areas, which are regrouped in next clusters considering keywords with most co-occurrence and significancy: Work-life balance and burnout gender cluster job stress and performance social and family support job satisfaction.Research limitations/implicationsCluster map is origined only by SCOPUS database.Originality/valueThis work aims to find a state of art about this topic, creating hypothesis where this problem has been exacerbated by 2020 due to important society modifications created by COVID-19, where recent evolution of work-family balance has been complicated by papers which come back to consider this balance as problematic.

Polarimetric imaging for the detection of synthetic models of SARS-CoV-2: a proof of concept

Objective To conduct a proof-of-concept study of the detection of two synthetic models of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) using polarimetric imaging. Approach Two SARS-CoV-2 models were prepared as engineered lentiviruses pseudotyped with the G protein of the vesicular stomatitis virus, and with the characteristic Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. Samples were preparations in two biofluids (saline solution and artificial saliva), in four concentrations, and deposited as 5-μL droplets on a supporting plate. The angles of maximal degree of linear polarization (DLP) of light diffusely scattered from dry residues were determined using Mueller polarimetry of 87 samples at 405 nm and 514 nm. A polarimetric camera was used for imaging several samples under 380-420 nm illumination at angles similar to those of maximal DLP. Per-pixel image analysis included quantification and combination of polarization feature descriptors in 475 samples. Main results The angles (from sample surface) of maximal DLP were 3 degrees for 405 nm and 6 degrees for 514 nm. Similar viral particles that differ only in the characteristic spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2, their corresponding negative controls, fluids, and the sample holder were discerned at 10-degree and 15-degree configurations. Significance Polarimetric imaging in the visible spectrum may help improve fast, non-contact detection and identification of viral particles, and/or other microbes such as tuberculosis, in multiple dry fluid samples simultaneously, particularly when combined with other imaging modalities. Further analysis including realistic concentrations of real SARS-CoV-2 virus particles in relevant human fluids is required. Polarimetric imaging under visible light may contribute to fast, cost-effective screening of SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens.

Healthcare aspects of peritonsillar infection before and during the COVID-19 pandemic Aspectos asistenciales de la infección periamigdalina antes y durante la pandemia de COVID-19

Introduction This study assessed if the healthcare system overload and the organizational changes made in response to COVID-19 may be having an impact on clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the peritonsillar infection (PTI). Materials and methods In a retrospective longitudinal and descriptive follow-up, we reviewed the circumstances of the patients attended during 5 years, from 2017 to 2021, in two hospitals, one regional and other tertiary. Variables related to underlying pathology, history of tonsillitis, time of evolution, previous visits to Primary Care, diagnostic findings, abscess/phlegmon ratio, and length of hospital stay were recorded. Results From 2017 to 2019, the incidence of the disease ranged between 14 and 16 cases/100,000 inhabitants-year, and decreased to 9.3 in 2020, a 43% less. Patients with PTI consulting in pandemic time were visited much less often in Primary Care services. They showed a greater severity of symptoms and the period of time between their appearance and diagnosis was longer. Additionally, there were more abscesses and the need for hospital admission greater than 24 h was 66%. There was hardly a causal relationship with acute tonsillitis, although 66% of the patients evidenced history of recurrent tonsillitis, and 71% concomitant pathology. All these findings showed statistically significant differences with the pre-pandemic cases. Conclusions The protection of airborne transmission, the social distancing and the lockdown adopted in our country are measures that seem having been able to modify the evolution of PTI, with a much lower incidence, a longer recovery period and a minimal relationship with acute tonsillitis.

Identifying core "responsible leadership” practices for SME restaurants

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to identify the core responsible leadership (RL) practices that are most relevant to small- and medium-sized enterprises (SME) restaurants. Furthermore, the authors adapt scales to measure these practices and conduct a pilot study to evaluate their impact on business performance in such establishments.Design/methodology/approachExploratory sequential mixed methods are used to fulfill the research aims. In the first phase, a set of definitions and practices associated with RL are derived from a systematic literature review. Second, a projective method of data collection is applied, involving a panel of 16 experts. Third, a fuzzy cognitive map is developed, which captures the responses of 40 owners or general managers of SME restaurants.FindingsTwenty-five practices are identified from the systematic literature review. The results show the five leadership practices that match the order of importance assigned by the experts: societal orientation, ethics, stakeholder involvement, power-sharing and environmental orientation. The relevance of those five practices is validated to explain SME restaurants' financial performance and innovation performance.Practical implicationsInnovation is the key to advancing business sustainability and resilience, and the results identify the specific RL practices that enable improvements to be made in innovation performance among SME restaurants.Originality/valueThis paper identifies the RL practices that are particularly relevant to the tourism field (specifically, the restaurant industry), offers measurement scales for those practices and provides empirical evidence of the relationship between these RL practices and business performance in SME restaurants.

Polarimetric imaging for the detection of synthetic models of SARS-CoV-2: A proof of concept.

Objective: To conduct a proof-of-concept study of the detection of two synthetic models of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) using polarimetric imaging. Approach: Two SARS-CoV-2 models were prepared as engineered lentiviruses pseudotyped with the G protein of the vesicular stomatitis virus, and with the characteristic Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. Samples were prepared in two biofluids (saline solution and artificial saliva), in four concentrations, and deposited as 5-µL droplets on a supporting plate. The angles of maximal degree of linear polarization (DLP) of light diffusely scattered from dry residues were determined using Mueller polarimetry from87 samples at 405 nm and 514 nm. A polarimetric camera was used for imaging several samples under 380-420 nm illumination at angles similar to those of maximal DLP. Per-pixel image analysis included quantification and combination of polarization feature descriptors in 475 samples. Main results: The angles (from sample surface) of maximal DLP were 3° for 405 nm and 6° for 514 nm. Similar viral particles that differed only in the characteristic spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2, their corresponding negative controls, fluids, and the sample holder were discerned at 10-degree and 15-degree configurations. Significance: Polarimetric imaging in the visible spectrum may help improve fast, non-contact detection and identification of viral particles, and/or other microbes such as tuberculosis, in multiple dry fluid samples simultaneously, particularly when combined with other imaging modalities. Further analysis including realistic concentrations of real SARS-CoV-2 viral particles in relevant human fluids is required. Polarimetric imaging under visible light may contribute to a fast, cost-effective screening of SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens when combined with other imaging modalities.

Healthcare aspects of peritonsillar infection before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

INTRODUCTION: This study assessed if the healthcare system overload and the organizational changes made in response to COVID-19 may be having an impact on clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the peritonsillar infection (PTI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a retrospective longitudinal and descriptive follow-up, we reviewed the circumstances of the patients attended during 5 years, from 2017 to 2021, in two hospitals, one regional and other tertiary. Variables related to underlying pathology, history of tonsillitis, time of evolution, previous visits to Primary Care, diagnostic findings, abscess/phlegmon ratio, and length of hospital stay were recorded. RESULTS: From 2017 to 2019, the incidence of the disease ranged between 14 and 16 cases/100,000 inhabitants-year, and decreased to 9.3 in 2020, a 43% less. Patients with PTI consulting in pandemic time were visited much less often in Primary Care services. They showed a greater severity of symptoms and the period of time between their appearance and diagnosis was longer. Additionally, there were more abscesses and the need for hospital admission greater than 24h was 66%. There was hardly a causal relationship with acute tonsillitis, although 66% of the patients evidenced history of recurrent tonsillitis, and 71% concomitant pathology. All these findings showed statistically significant differences with the pre-pandemic cases. CONCLUSIONS: The protection of airborne transmission, the social distancing and the lockdown adopted in our country are measures that seem having been able to modify the evolution of PTI, with a much lower incidence, a longer recovery period and a minimal relationship with acute tonsillitis.

Collective remembering and future forecasting during the COVID-19 pandemic: How the impact of COVID-19 affected the themes and phenomenology of global and national memories across 15 countries.

The COVID-19 pandemic created a unique set of circumstances in which to investigate collective memory and future simulations of events reported during the onset of a potentially historic event. Between early April and late June 2020, we asked over 4,000 individuals from 15 countries across four continents to report on remarkable (a) national and (b) global events that (i) had happened since the first cases of COVID-19 were reported, and (ii) they expected to happen in the future. Whereas themes of infections, lockdown, and politics dominated global and national past events in most countries, themes of economy, a second wave, and lockdown dominated future events. The themes and phenomenological characteristics of the events differed based on contextual group factors. First, across all conditions, the event themes differed to a small yet significant degree depending on the severity of the pandemic and stringency of governmental response at the national level. Second, participants reported national events as less negative and more vivid than global events, and group differences in emotional valence were largest for future events. This research demonstrates that even during the early stages of the pandemic, themes relating to its onset and course were shared across many countries, thus providing preliminary evidence for the emergence of collective memories of this event as it was occurring. Current findings provide a profile of past and future collective events from the early stages of the ongoing pandemic, and factors accounting for the consistencies and differences in event representations across 15 countries are discussed.

["Healthcare aspects of peritonsillar infection before and during the Covid-19 pandemic".] / "Aspectos asistenciales de la infección periamigdalina antes y durante la pandemia de Covid-19".

INTRODUCTION: This study assessed if the healthcare system overload and the organizational changes made in response to Covid-19 may be having an impact on clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the peritonsillar infection (PTI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a retrospective longitudinal and descriptive follow-up, we reviewed the circumstances of the patients attended during 5 years, from 2017 to 2021, in two hospitals, one regional and other tertiary. Variables related to underlying pathology, history of tonsillitis, time of evolution, previous visits to Primary Care, diagnostic findings, abscess/phlegmon ratio, and length of hospital stay were recorded. RESULTS: From 2017 to 2019, the incidence of the disease ranged between 14 and 16 cases/100,000 inhabitants-year, and decreased to 9,3 in 2020, a 43% less. Patients with PTI consulting in pandemic time were visited much less often in Primary Care services. They showed a greater severity of symptoms and the period of time between their appearance and diagnosis was longer. Additionally, there were more abscesses and the need for hospital admission greater than 24 hours was 66%. There was hardly a causal relationship with acute tonsillitis, although 66% of the patients evidenced history of recurrent tonsillitis, and 71% concomitant pathology. All these findings showed statistically significant differences with the pre-pandemic cases. CONCLUSIONS: The protection of airborne transmission, the social distancing and the lockdown adopted in our country are measures that seem having been able to modify the evolution of PTI, with a much lower incidence, a longer recovery period and a minimal relationship with acute tonsillitis.

Differential Leukocyte Expression of IFITM1 and IFITM3 in Patients with Severe Pandemic Influenza A(H1N1) and COVID-19.

Interferon-induced transmembrane (IFITM) proteins mediate protection against enveloped viruses by blocking membrane fusion at endosomes. IFITM1 and IFITM3 are crucial for protection against influenza, and various single nucleotide polymorphisms altering their function have been linked to disease susceptibility. However, bulk IFITM1 and IFITM3 mRNA expression dynamics and their correlation with clinical outcomes have not been extensively addressed in patients with respiratory infections. In this study, we evaluated the expression of IFITM1 and IFITM3 in peripheral leukocytes from healthy controls and individuals with severe pandemic influenza A(H1N1) or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Comparisons between participants grouped according to their clinical characteristics, underlying disease, and outcomes showed that the downregulation of IFITM1 was a distinctive characteristic of severe pandemic influenza A(H1N1) that correlated with outcomes, including mortality. Conversely, increased IFITM3 expression was a common feature of severe pandemic influenza A(H1N1) and COVID-19. Using a high-dose murine model of infection, we confirmed not only the downregulation of IFITM1 but also of IFITM3 in the lungs of mice with severe influenza, as opposed to humans. Analyses in the comparative cohort also indicate the possible participation of IFITM3 in COVID-19. Our results add to the evidence supporting a protective function of IFITM proteins against viral respiratory infections in humans.

Violence against Women during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Mexico.

This study measured the prevalence of cases of domestic violence against women and some associated factors during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico. Data were collected through a remote survey during 2020. The sample included 47,819 women aged 15 years and older. Jointpoint regression and logistic regression models were used. The prevalence of violence was 11.5%, which decreased in July and subsequently increased. The associated factors were being unemployed (OR = 2.01; 95%CI 1.89-2.16); being partially and totally quarantined (OR = 1.58; 95%CI 1.43-1.75 and OR = 1.47; 95%CI 1.32-1.63); being a caregiver of children; being a caregiver of elderly and/or suffering from a chronic illness (OR = 1.27; 95%CI 1.19-1.36; OR = 1.42; 95%CI 1.33-1.53; OR = 1.59; 95%CI 1.47-1.73); losing a family member to COVID-19 (OR = 1.26; 95%CI 1.13-1.41); and binge drinking (OR = 1.94; 95%CI 1.78-2.12). The confinement measures increased gender inequalities, economic problems and workload which further evidenced violence against women.

Determinantes sociales asociados con ideación suicida durante la pandemia por Covid-19 en México.

OBJETIVO: Estimar la prevalencia de la ideación suicida (IS) y su asociación con los determinantes sociales (DS) en la pobla-ción mexicana durante la pandemia de Covid-19. Material y métodos. Datos de la encuesta de Atención Psicológica a Distancia para la Salud Mental debido a la Contingencia por Covid-19 obtenidos durante 2020. La muestra fue de 79 665. Se realizaron modelos de regresión logística obteniendo razones de momios (RM) con intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC95%). RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de IS fue de 17.1% (mujeres:18.8% y hombres: 14.4%). Principales DS asociados fueron: ser mujer (RM=1.11; IC95% 1.06,1.13), mujeres jóvenes (RM=1.30; IC95% 1.09,1.54), escolaridad (RM=1.89; IC95% 1.14,3.12), soltera(o) (RM= 1.31; IC95% 1.24,1.38), desempleo (RM= 2.33; IC95% 2.21,2.45), distanciamiento social (RM 1.81; IC95%1.68,1.96), vivir solo (RM 1.18; IC95% 1.10,1.27), pérdida de familiar por Covid-19 (RM= 1.41; IC95%1.30,1.54), tener un diagnóstico de depresión (RM= 5.72; IC95% 5.41,6.05), ser víctima de violencia física (RM=2.71; IC95% 2.49,2.95), consumo excesivo de alcohol (RM=1.68; IC95%1.58,1.79) y drogas (RM= 3.13; IC95% 2.88,3.41), y sospecha o diagnóstico de Covid-19 (RM=1.79; IC95% 1.67,1.89). CONCLUSIONES: La prevalencia de IS durante la pandemia por Covid-19 fue elevada; se discute la relevancia de los DS estructurales e intermedios que influyen en la IS.